Westward Expansion Essay -- essays research papers

WESTWARD EXPANSIONThe movement of people that has resulted in the cloture of America is one of the most fascinating and significant topics in the history of the united States. Nowhere else has an area of equal size been settled as a result of the initiative of small groups and individuals. Westward expansion helped stimulate the American economy.The first organized migration to California originated in Platte County, on the far double-uern limit of Missouri. Reports described California as "a perfect paradise, a perpetual spring." The people of Platte County formed the Western Emigration Society, which sent push through information slightly California throughout the Mississippi Valley (Wexler,139). Several merchant and landowners were concerned about the number of prospective emigrants that they launched a campaign disparaging California. This act turn up to be effective, in 1842 and 1843 relatively few emigrants followed the first migration to California. The first wa gon train was led by John Bidwell, the organizer of the Western Emigration Society. Bidwell let the pioneers across the Rockies, a party of 69 adults and children who divided into two groups after crossing. One group headed north into Oregon, while the other, led by Bidwell continued west to California.By 1842, the currency system of the Republic of Texas was in such dire straits that even the government would not accept redbacks for wages of taxes. Other plans were try to get the republic fiscal house in order, but these plans achieved only slightly better results. However, as the economy in the United States improved and the Texas annexation movement gained momentum, currency in Texas slowly recovered some of its values before Texas was annexed in 1845(thewestpbs.org). Slavery was a big issue, many anti-slavery leaders came out strong against adding another potential slave state to the Union. The basic concerns were - war with Mexico and the division over slavery(Remini). Clay ar gued against incorporating Texas into the Union when he was almost assured of the Whig Partys nomination for president. In the election Clay, who hedged on his annexation position, was narrowly defeated by James Polk, a former Tennessee senator who ran on a strong expansionist platform( Bender212). The Senate rejected the Texas annexation treaty submitted by John Tyler in 1844. Tyler resubmitted... ...overed gold on the American River at Coloma while building a lumber hero sandwich for John Sutter, in the lower Sacramento Valley. A brief report of the discovery appeared in a San Francisco newspaper in mid-March, where it went mostly unnoticed (thewestpbs.org). By signing the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, on February 2, 1848, ending the Mexican- American War. The United States acquired an immense western territory stretching from Texas to the Pacific and north to Oregon, which included Upper California, Utah. The United States gained 1.2 million square miles, virtually doubling its territory. The human cost for the United States was 13,238 killed and 4,152 wounded. (6) The United States agreed to pay $13 million for land and assume payment of $3.25 million in claims that American had brought against Mexico (Wexler,210).The United States from the days of independence has adopted the project of extending its dominions, and since then, that line of policy has not deviated in the slightest degree. There is still wide movement of people westward. In most respects the movement lost its typical characteristics when there could no longer be said to be a frontier line.

Free Essays - No Innocence in Catcher in the Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

No Innocence in Catcher in the Rye         Probably the greatest irony of the novel is the accompaniment that, despite his love of childhood innocence, Holden is and solves far from innocent himself. In fact, he is its antithesis. He acts that way for many reasons. First of all in all, he has so many responsibilities. Second, he never fits in with the crowd, and finally, he never gets any real help for the problems that he deals with.         Holden does have a love for childhood innocence as seen crosswise the book. For example, on page two hundred and one Somebodyd written Fuck you on the wall. It drove me damn near crazy. I thought how Phoebe and all the other little kids would see it, and how theyd wonder what the hell it meant, and then finally some dirty kid would tell them-cockeyed naturally- what it meant, and how theyd all think ab step forward it and possibly even worry about it for a couple of days. I kept wanting to kill whoeverd written it... But I rubbed it The fuck you written on the wall out anyway. Another example is on page two hundred and eight, So shut up. It was the first time she Phoebe ever told me to shut up. It sounded terrible. God, it sounded terrible. It sounded worse than  swearing. There is one more(prenominal) outstanding quotation from the novel which is found on page two hundred and thirteen. I felt so damn happy all of a sudden, the way old Phoebe was going around and around the carousel. All these examples clearly show that Holden appreciated childhood innocence to a great extent. unless Holden acts the opposite.         The irony in this novel is Holdens behavior, which is far from being innocent. He smokes, drinks, always depressed, thinks about suicide, thinks about going embarking to a far place, and has people tell and act in many weird ways. There are three main reasons why he acts this way. Firstly, Holden being only sixteen years of age already has so much responsibility. He has to get money for food and travel. When he travels he has to constitute sure he doesnt get lost, and actually gets there. He has to make sure that he doesnt flunk school.

Smallpox Viruses Essay -- Smallpox Viruses

For approximately three-thousand years, smallpox has ravaged and plagued the four corners of the globe. In fact, in the 17 th and 18 th centuries, it was claimed to be the most infectious disease in the West, with an astounding 90% mortality rate in America. It wasnt until 1796, with English surgeon Edward Jenners smallpox vaccination, that the public proverb relief from this devastating virus. However, even with this inoculation in use, the world continued to witness death from both the virus and the vaccine. In the year 1966, it was estimated that 10-15 million infected citizens world wide had passed away from smallpox that year alone ( History 12). As a result of these devastating numbers, in the following year, 1967, the World wellness Organization (W.H.O.) created a program to eradicate the smallpox virus. Ten years later, in 1977, the estimated 10-15 million cases had dwindled down to one a man in Somalia. ternary years later, W.H.O. officially announced that smallpox had b een eradicated, leaving the only remaining virus cultures stored and guarded in laboratories in Russia and the United States. Inoculations ceased, smallpox epidemics were non-existent, and the virus was no longer a concern. In order to ensure complete eradication of this deadly virus, the W.H.O. insisted that the remaining smallpox cultures be destroyed by 1999 ( Smallpox eradication 2). However, despite the W.H.O.s recommendation, the remaining cultures continue to be contained and protected to this day, five years after the suggested date of elimination.As a direct result, a world-wide debate has raged on for nearly the past decade posing the question of smallpox eradication. If small pox were to be eradicated as originally suggested, the safe and only remaining cognize cultures would be wiped out. However, not knowing what countries may illegally hold this virus, the world as a whole would be vulnerable to bioterrorist attacks using smallpox. Lacking the virus to create inoculat ions, it will be virtually impossible to vaccinate the public or quarantine an outbreak. Likewise, if the virus cultures are kept, there is a possibility that enemies could achieve it to use against other countries at their leisure. However, because it is impossible to identify countries that are harboring the virus in order to take action to eradicate it, eliminating the only protection the world has again... ...6 Nov. 2014Mahler, Halfdan. Smallpox and its Eradication. 2008. Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response. 4 Nov. 2014 McCrary, Van. Smallpox and Bioterrorism A Growing Threat. 3 Aug. 1999. 6 Nov. 2014Preston, Richard. A Demon in the Freezer. 17 July 2012. 8 Nov. 2014Smallpox and Bioterrorism 6 June 2001. Center for Disease support. 4 Nov. 2014. Smallpox Eradication Destrcution of the Variola Virus Stocks. 15 April 2009. World Health Organization. 15 Nov. 2014 Updated Interim CDC Guidance for Use of Smallpox Vaccine, Cidofovir, and Vaccinia Immune Globulin (VIG) for Prevention and Treatment in the Setting of an Outbreak of Monkeypox Infections. 25 June 2013. Center for Disease Control 20 Nov. 2014.

Anorexia Nervosa Essay -- essays research papers

Anorexia Nervosa     A lot of people including men non just women often dream most having the perfect body. Some may work hard for it and others may think they footnot achieve that dream. In our society, we seem to make body image appear to be almost one of the most important things. Young girls less then thirteen years of age can start to see themselves as existence "fat" even if they are thin. In fashion magazines for instance, you will hardly ever see pictures of overweight or slightly overweight people. They are fill with runway models who are so skinny it researchs as if they are sick with a disease or are cracked out on drugs. How can people think that looking that way is attractive? Its so disgustingly gross to see models like that when they look emaciated at times. They call themselves "models." Who would expect to model themselves after someone who looked like that? Although, it is sad to say that some people actually go as far as s tarving themselves to look like what they think is perfect.      Anorexia nervosa is an illness that most commonly happens with teenage girls. At times even teenage boys and adults can struggle with anorexia. Anorexia causes people to be haunt with food and being thin. Often at times, people with anorexia beget emotional problems and use food and weight to try to deal with their problems with a sense of control. " 90 percent of all anorexics are women" (The National Womens Health Information Center Pg. 1 of 4). There is no exact cause of anorexia. For some, they feel that they are not happy and think that being thin                                                        Butler 2would make them a lot happier and successful. Anorexia can so metimes come from problems in relationships or unfavourable experiences from early childhood. People with anorexia are perfectionists. They need everything to be perfect in their lives and if not, then they blame themselves if their lives are not perfect.     Along with having anorexia, in that location are umpteen problems caused b... ...ients. There are also support groups that anorexics go to so they can discuss their fears and help each other recover from their illness.      People with anorexia need replete on support from their friends and family as well. Friends and family need to show love for the person with the illness. A lot of times, people with anorexia will beg and lie so they dont have to eat. They feel if they will give up the control they have from gaining weight. Friends and family need to be strong when dealing with a person who is suffering from anorexia. They cannot let the person talk them into believing there is no thing wrong or let the person convince them that they dont need to eat for the time being. Family and friends need to be there for that person and shouldnt get angry at them. Being anorexic is an illness and needs professional help because it cannot be controlled by willpower.                                             Word count 917

Nervous Breakdowns :: Nervous Breakdown Mental Collapse Stress

In the middle Ages, it was called melancholia. In the early 1900s, it was k this instantn as neurasthenia. From the 1930s to about 1970, it was known as a nervous break belt down. Nervous breakdown is a term that the public uses to characterize a range of mental illnesses, but generally it describes the experience of snapping to a lower place massive pressure, mental collapse or mental and physical exhaustion. Have you ever wondered how you can tell if someone is having a nervous breakdown? Or what causes them or how theyre caused? Well, the causes of nervous breakdowns are very similar to panic attacks, ADD, and ADHD. There is always a trigger or catalyst that sparks a nervous breakdown. Breakdowns commonly stem from a change in a major life event such as a broken relationship, death of a love one, a demanding job or financial difficulties On some cases getting nervous breakdowns are genetics, you receive them because a past family member has had one or in simpler words family hi story. Another sign is Coexisting medical conditions such as vitamin deficiencies or thyroid disorders. Stress, drugs, alcohol and depression are one if the some main causes of nervous breakdowns.You can always treat a breakdown. Sometimes people talk to therapist or someone they trust to discuss their issues and practiced let it all out instead of breaking down. As for others talking doesnt always work at times it may tend to exasperate the problem, so they take prescribed depression pills. Other treatments are drugs, alternative treatments, surgery, and lifestyle changes.If you feel close to having a nervous breakdown right now you are probably feeling like you have hit rock bottom. Many people who are close to a nervous break down feel a million miles from their real self. Feelings of anger, negativity, exhaustion and anxiety are probably overwhelming you and your ability to pursue a normal life and normal relationships is no incertitude proving tough. Obviously the best appr oach is to prevent the breakdown from occurring in the first place. Recognizing the warning signs of a nervous breakdown and reducing and managing stress levels can a good deal produce excellent results and prevent the total collapse usually associated with a nervous breakdown.

Nervous Breakdowns :: Nervous Breakdown Mental Collapse Stress

In the middle Ages, it was called melancholia. In the early 1900s, it was known as neurasthenia. From the mid-thirties to about 1970, it was known as a flighty breakdown. Nervous breakdown is a term that the public uses to characterize a range of mental illnesses, exactly generally it describes the experience of snapping under massive pressure, mental collapse or mental and physical exhaustion. Have you ever wondered how you can tell if person is having a nervous breakdown? Or what causes them or how theyre caused? Well, the causes of nervous breakdowns are very similar to panic attacks, ADD, and ADHD. There is always a trigger or particle accelerator that sparks a nervous breakdown. Breakdowns usually stem from a change in a major life event such as a disconnected relationship, death of a loved one, a demanding job or financial difficulties On some cases getting nervous breakdowns are genetics, you receive them because a ult family member has had one or in simpler words fami ly history. Another sign is Coexisting medical conditions such as vitamin deficiencies or thyroid disorders. Stress, drugs, alcohol and printing are one if the most main causes of nervous breakdowns.You can always treat a breakdown. Some generation people talk to therapist or someone they trust to discuss their issues and just let it all out instead of breaking down. As for others talking doesnt always work at times it may tend to worsen the problem, so they take prescribed depression pills. Other treatments are drugs, alternative treatments, surgery, and lifestyle changes.If you feel close to having a nervous breakdown right now you are probably feeling like you have hit rock bottom. Many people who are close to a nervous break down feel a million miles from their real self. Feelings of anger, negativity, exhaustion and anxiety are probably overwhelming you and your ability to pursue a normal life and normal relationships is no doubt proving tough. Obviously the best approach is t o prevent the breakdown from occurring in the first place. Recognizing the warning signs of a nervous breakdown and cut back and managing stress levels can often produce excellent results and prevent the total collapse usually associated with a nervous breakdown.

The Relative Impact of Recruitment/Selection, Training, and Development for Organizational Effectiveness

This melodic theme discusses the relative doctor of enlisting/ natural option, formulation, and evolution for organisational potency. First, recruitment and selection is discussed. Job analytic thinking is genuinely important in the selection c are for because it provides a palpableistic muse preview and it identifies relevant traits and abilities needed for the channel. Further more, predictive severity of several selection methods ar discussed from which work samples, GMA, stresss, and coordinate interviews are appeared to be the best prognosticators of future job military operation. Second, the extend to of prep on organisational potentiality is discussed.Training design issues are discussed, and it is argued that information can increase organisational authority although the effects of training are hard to assess. In addition, training is linked to recruitment and selection in which it is argued that the devil HR practices are inter certified. Third, the concept information is discussed in which a distinction has been made amongst team and organizational development. The victory of development is highly dependent upon employees support. Moreover, the concept strategical kind-hearted resource management is introduced.This concept entails linking HR practices to the strategic management bear ones and emphasizing coordination or congruousness among different HR practices in order to increase the tellingness of HR policies. Finally, three different theoretical statuss on SHRM are discussed the contingency, the configurational, and the universalistic cuddle. Introduction Competition, globalization, and free burning swop in markets and technology tolerate caused a transformation in the role of gentle resources (HR) from a traditional administrative to a more strategic role (Beer, 1997). homo resource management (HRM) has become a part of the firms strategy and has to be minimized as a cost and maximized as value-adding comp championnt (Rogers & W dependable, 1998). However, the added value of HRM has been subject of debate. Although latest empirical seek immortaliseed that HRM has an positive effect on proceeding, the relationships are often weak and the ends remain ambiguous (Paauwe & Boselie, 2008). So, in that respect seem to be some indistinctness on what impact human resource practices actually pay back on organizational doing and effectiveness.This paper testament go into thisissue and discuss the relative impact of recruitment and selection, training, and development for organizational effectiveness. First, the concerning concepts entrust be delineate and discussed. Furthermore, the impact of the three separate HR practice on organizational effectiveness will be discussed. Finally an attempt will be made to integrate these HR practices and their effect on organizational effectiveness. Organizational effectiveness In order to discuss the impact of the three HR practices, the concept org anizational effectiveness needs to be defined which is a very broad, vague concept and on that pointfore hard to define.Effectiveness refers to the output while taking into account the preset objectives, it is clearly a goal orientated pulse (Rogers & Wright, 1998). This definition of effectiveness remains very broad since there are multiple ways to assess or measure outcomes. In this paper the typology of Dyer and Reeves (1995) will be used, who distinguish between four measures of organization outcomes human resource outcomes (turnover, absenteeism, job satisfaction), organizational outcomes (productiveness, quality, service), financial accounting outcomes (return on assets, pro bursts), and capital market outcomes (stock price, growth, returns).Logically, they argue that HR strategies were some homogeneously to bind an impact on HR outcomes, followed by organizational outcomes whereas the former(a) two outcomes are more in without delay related. Recruitment and Selection Jo b analytic thinking and recruitment The first HR practice that will be discussed is recruitment and selection, which is sort of essential for organizations since it all starts with recruiting and selecting the right employees. An appropriate selection system starts with a job psychoanalysis in which the duties a job requires and what skills are needed to perform these duties is being analyzed (Fisher, Schoenfeldt & Shaw, 2003, chapter 4).Job analysis can provide a realistic job preview about what the job will be and indeed reduces early employee dissatisfaction and turnover (Fisher et al. , 2003). Job analysis is also important for the assessment of job motion in for example 360 degree feedback since a job analysis can set performance criteria. In this feedback subjective measures are used which are vulnerable to measurement rating errors like halo-effects (Viswesvaran, Schmidt & Ones, 2005). that, subjective measures might be very useful to assess organizational effectiveness, especially in relation to HR practices since subjective measures are mainly used to assess HR or organizational outcomes which are more directly related to HR practices (Dyer & Reeves, 1995). Objective measures involve actual percentage figures for sales growth or profitability which measure financial and capital market outcomes and these are more distal and indirectly related outcomes (Dyer & Reeves, 1995).Once applicants with realistic job expectations are recruited the actual selection process starts. Selection is the process of choosing from a theme of applicants the singular best suited for a particular position and organization (Mony, Noe & Premeaux, 2002, p. 175). The recruitment process is very important for this because recruiting the right employees with realistic job expectations has a pregnant impact on the quality of the selection decision (Mony et al. 2002, chapter 7).Making right hiring decisions is one of the best ways to improve productivity. Therefore, majority of managers recognize employee selection as one of their most difficult and most important business decisions (Mony et al. , 2002). The selection process starts with choosing the right selection instrument. Job analysis is also highly relevant for this since job analysis can identify relevant and specific traits and abilities needed for the job which saves time by non measuring irrelevant traits or abilities (Voskuijl, 2005).The goal of the selection process is to select those applicants who are likely to perform the best on the future job. Therefore, the selection methods used in the selection process need to be valid, especially high predictive harshness and/or incre psychical severity are relevant. Predictive validity refers to observing employee performance over a stop consonant of time to determine whether the selection method has differentiate the successful and less successful employees (Mony et al. , 2002).Incremental validity refers to whether the instrument can explai n anything additional beyond other instruments. Selection methods Schmidt and Hunter (1998) performed a meta-analysis of 85 years of research in personnel selection presenting the validity of 19 different selection procedures for predicting job and training performance. They also assessed the incremental validity of selection procedures beyond the predictive validity of general mental ability in order to assess which combinations of methods show the highest validity for job performance.Their results revealed that work sample tests (0,54), GMA tests (0,51), and social structured interviews (0,51) show the highest predictive validity for job performance. Schmidt and Hunter (1998) conjure up that GMA can considered to be the primary personnel measure for hiring decisions. More recent findings of Schmidt and Hunter (2004) confirmed this and state that GMA is of critical importance. Salgado et al. (2003) establish resembling results and argue that there is validity generalization and gravid operational validities in different occupational groups for predicting job performance and training success with GMA measures.Salgado et al. (2003) found job complexity to be a moderator the more complex the job is, the more GMA matters. Regarding the incremental validity above GMA tests, Schmidt and Hunter (1998) conclude that the best combination of selection methods would be the GMA test plus a work sample test (0,63), or plus integrity test (0,65), or plus a structured interview (0,63). Unstructured interviews show a lower predictive validity as thoroughly as lower incremental validity above GMA tests compared to structured interviews.According to a meta-analysis of Huffcutt, Conway, Roth and Stone (2001) the most frequently rated construct in interviews in general are basic disposition and applied social skills. They also distinguish between unstructured interview and structured interview and found that structured interviews focus more on constructs that have a stron ger relationship with job performance like job knowledge and skills, whereas unstructured interviews focus more on general intelligence and education (Huffcutt et al., 2001).So, it seems that unstructured interviews mainly measure general mental ability intelligent people tend to do better on unstructured interviews. Nevertheless, many organizations in the United States rely touch only on unstructured interviews (Schmidt & Hunter, 1998) since they have a high face validity they are miasmic and people feel like they have some influence over the results. Although the results of Schmidt and Hunter (1998) show that there are more valid methods available.Since people, aswell as the applicant as the recruiting organization, seem to have a preference for unstructured interviews, they should be used at the end of a selection process where their potential harm is minimalized since save suitable candidates are left. Another selection method which employers often use and believe to be a use ful predictor whereas academics believe that they have little predictive validity, is grade site average (Roth, BeVier, Schippmann & Switzer, 1996). The meta-analysis of Roth et al. (1996) however, shows that GPA could be a more valid predictor of job performance than many academics thought.Taking a look at personality inventories as selection tools, Dudley, Orvis, Lebiecki and Cortina (2006) conclude that they are becoming increasingly popular and most researchers agree personality is important for predicting job performance. The five-factor model is the most used method to assess personality, the most important factor for predicting job performance is conscientiousness (Dudley et al, 2006). Schmidt and Hunter (1998) found a predictive validity of 0,31 for conscientiousness tests.Conscientiousness is also a construct that is often measured in interviews, as Huffcutt et al.(2001) have found that conscientiousness is the integrity most rated construct in structured interviews and i s a good predictor of job performance. Schmidt and Rader (1999) argue that different approaches of structured interviews all measure facets of conscientiousness and GMA which have a known generalizable validity. There is some dissent whether facets of a broad trait like conscientiousness are also relevant to consider in the prediction of job performance. Research shows that narrow traits or facets show incremental validity above and beyond global conscientiousness (Dudley et al., 2006).Moreover, Schmidt and Rader (1999), and Huffcutt et al. (2001) argue that facets of conscientiousness like responsibility, dependability, initiative, and achievement orientation are important in predicting job performance. So, recruitment and selection have quite some impact on organizational effectiveness provided that the selection system first recruits the right employees and then, in turn the right and relevant selection methods are used to select the best suited applicants for the position.Job an alysis is important in this process because it both enables providing a realistic job preview as it identifies the traits and abilities needed for the job, selection methods can be chosen found on that. The selection methods with the highest predictive validity are work samples, GMA tests, and structured interviews in which conscientiousness is a frequently rated construct. However, the predictive validity of these selection methods refers to job performance of that particular job on individual level rather than organizational performance or effectiveness.Nevertheless, choosing the right selection methods and selecting the best employees will in all probability also increase organizational effectiveness. Training Training design Training and employee development can be defined as a systematic approach to learning and development to improve individual, teams, and organizational effectiveness (Kraiger & Ford, 2007, p. 281). Thus, the goal of training is to improve organizational def ectiveness. The effectiveness of training programs is often hard to assess, especially at the organizational level where many other factors might interfere and influence the outcomes.Therefore, the training should be designed in such a way to play evaluating effectiveness possible. First, training criteria should be set, without these you cannot determine if the goals were met. Training criteria are classified into two levels training level and performance level, the latter is most important for assessing the impact of training on organizational effectiveness because performance-level criteria are concerned with the persons performance on the job rather than in the training ground (Spector, 2006, p. 181).Spector (2006, chapter 7) however, states that one should include criteria at both levels to thoroughly evaluate effectiveness, although some studies show that training is effective at the training level but not at the performance level. In order to assess the criteria a proper de sign should be chosen. The two most popular designs are pretest-posttest and control group (Spector, 2006). Pretest-posttest design is think to evaluate how a lot participants gained from the training by testing the performance criteria before, and after the training (Spector, 2006).In the control group design, participants are tested only once after the training and are compared with equivalent employees who have not been trained (Spector, 2006). In practice however, the most used design is the post-test with only self-report measures, which is seemingly not sufficient for evaluating effectiveness because there is not comparison possible. Besides, self-report measure might not be a valid predictor of performance, as Dysvik and Martinsen (2008) show in their study that students subjective reactions to t each(prenominal)ing and their consequent performance were not correlated.On the other hand, assessing training effectiveness at organizational-level is also very hard when the con trol group or pretest-posttest design are used. For the control group design is it hardly unrealizable to find an equivalent organization in order to make comparison possible. When using the pretest-posttest design another problem might occur other factors might emerge during the training process make increased organizational effectiveness. In an ideal situation the trained entity should be isolated in order to exclude spurious effects, obviously this is hardly impossible too.Furthermore, Spector (2006) points out some factors that should be taken into consideration when designing a training program in order to maximize the commute of training. Ignoring these factors might result in an training program that does not displace behavior on the job (Spector, 2006). These factors are for example feedback, training should be as identical to real job situations as possible, and overlearning which refers to giving the trainee practice beyond what is necessary to reach the criteria (Spec tor, 2006). Effectiveness of training programsAccording to the previous paragraph training can have quite a big impact on organizational effectiveness, provided that the right criteria, design, and design factors are formulated. There are however, different views on the effectiveness of training programs. On the one hand there is the best practice view that states that firms that investigate in training and development efforts outperform those who do not. On the other hand, Wright and Geroy (2001) state that the belief that training leads to improved employee and firm performance is myth that equates training with goodness (p.586).Campbell and Kuncel (2001) support the best practice view by stating that training is a critical component of effective human resource management and that its importance for both individuals as organizations can probably not be overstated. A point of critique to the best practice view is the issue of reverse causality, since already successful organization s tend to invest more in training and development (Tharenou, Saks & Moore, 2007).Moreover, there are studies that argue that the effectiveness of training is dependent on several individual, contextual, and situational factors that might mediate or moderate the relationship between training and organizational effectiveness. Colquitt, LePine, and Noe (2000) attempt to develop an integrative theory of training motivation using a meta-analytical approach. They summarized literature on training motivation including its antecedents, situational and personality variables, and its relationship with training outcomes like declarative knowledge, skill acquisition, and carry-over.They argue that more proximal variables, like motivation to learn and transfer of training, mediate between the more distal variables (in this persona individual and situational characteristics) and job performance (Colquitt et al. , 2000). Findings of this study indicate that individual characteristics like locus of control, conscientiousness, anxiety, cognitive ability, job involvement, and self-efficacy are significant predictors of training motivation.Also the situational factor climate, which refers to trainees perceptions about characteristics of the work milieu that influence the use of training content on the job, was a significant predictor of training motivation (Colquitt et al. , 2000). Blume. Ford, Baldwin and Huang (2010) performed a similar meta-analysis in exploring the impact of predictive factors on the transfer to training, though they examined these effects in different tasks and contexts.They found that predictor variables like motivation and work environment had stronger relationships to transfer when the focus of training was on open as opposed to closed skills (specific skills) (Blume et al. , 2010). Furthermore, their results confirmed the meta-analysis of Colquitt et al. (2000) by finding positive relationships between training transfer and cognitive ability, conscie ntiousness, motivation, and a supportive work environment (e. g. climate). Especially cognitive ability is a valid predictor of training success (Schmidt & Hunter, 1998 Salgado et al., 2003 Colquitt et al. , 2000).The main rest between these two meta-analysis is that Colquitt et al. (2000) focus on the difference between distal and proximal variables in which training motivation is a more proximal variable, and therefore indicated as a mediating variable. Whereas Blume et al. (2010) do not distinguish between distal and proximal variables, and consider individual characteristics and training motivation to be both predictors of transfer of training. What these two meta-analyses do not show it the eventual impact of training on organizational outcomes.Tharenou, Sasks and Moore (2007) examined this in a meta-analysis from 67 studies. They distinguish between human resource (employee attitude, behavior, and human capital), organizational performance (performance and productivity) and f inancial outcomes (profit and financial indicators). The results of their review suggest that training is positively related to HR outcomes and organizational performance outcomes, though the effect is small caused by other variables that influence employees attitudes (Tharenou et al. , 2007). In addition, training was only very weak related to financial outcomes (Tharenou et al., 2007).This partly confirms the previous mentioned research of Dyer and Reeves (1995) since Tharanou et al. (2007) suggest that the outcomes more proximally related to training show the strongest correlations. Training and Recruitment & Selection So, one can conclude that training has quite some impact on organizational effectiveness although but this effectiveness is dependent on several variables. Tharenou et al. (2007) for example suggest that the relationship between training and firm performance is mediated by employee attitudes and human capital.Employee attitude is something that can be influenced at the workplace, by for instance creating a supporting work environment, whereas human capital is much harder to directly influence. Human capital refers to workforce knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs). Some of these KSAs however, can be indirectly influenced by adapting the recruitment and selection process to select employees with characteristics that predict training success. Conscientiousness and general mental ability are the most mentioned individual characteristics that have shown to be good predictors of training success (Salgado et al., 2003 Blume et al. , 2010 Schmidt & Hunter, 1998 Colquitt et al. , 2000).Schmidt and Hunter (1998) argue that when employers are using GMA test to select employees, that employee will have a high level of performance as well as he or she will learn the most from job training programs and will acquire job knowledge faster from experience. This also works the other way around, Connerley (1997) suggests that one of the strategies to win bet ter employees is to improve the quality of recruiters by training them.This, and the earlier mentioned issue of adapting recruitment to select employees that are more likely to benefit from training, shows the interdependency between recruitment and selection, and training in relation to organizational effectiveness. Development The last HR practice discussed in this paper is development which is highly connected to training. Employee development has already been discussed in the previous section about training, therefore this section will mainly focus on team and organizational development.Team developmentThe changing temper of work has led to an increasing shift towards the use of teams which has implications for how teams should be designed to enhance both individual and team performance (DeShon, Kozlowski, Schmidt, Milnerz & Weichmann, 2004). Kozlowski and Ilgen (2006) define team development as an informal process by which group members attempt to create effective social struc tures and work processes on their own (p. 105). They conceptualize team effectiveness as performance evaluated by others, member satisfaction and viability (Kozlowky & Ilgen, 2006).Furthermore, several factors that enhance team effectiveness are pointed out unit and team climate, team mental models and transactive memory, collective learning, team cohesion, team efficacy and potency, and team regulation skills (competencies, functions, and dynamic adaption) (Kozlowky & Ilgen, 2006). Adair, Hideg and Spence (2013) support the view that team climate, cohesion, and collective learning are important by pointing out the importance of developing shared values in teams. Furthermore, DeShon et al. (2004) examined the role of feedback towards individual and team goals and how this affects resource allocation decisions.They found that teams receiving individual and team feedback were most committed to the team goal (DeShon et al. , 2004). So, these studies mainly point out the importance of t eam development for team effectiveness. Castka, Sharp and Bamber (2003) go even further by stating that the use of teams is an important means in organizational form and continuous improvement (innovation activities) and that the organizational ability to mobilize their employees in teams for problem solution matters not only to managers, but also to investors (p.29).Investors attach great importance to use of teams and might base their decision to invest based on this (Castka et al. , 2003). Castka et al. (2003) introduce two arguments why organizations can gain from teamwork development. First, organizational teams can improve organizational performance through involvement, learning, and increased communication. Second, as pointed out before, organizations that develop their teamwork and improve their performance due to this increases its value for investors (Castka et al. , 2003).Thus, according to these authors, team development might also have effects on the organizational lev el and might even affect financial outcomes by referring to investors. Organizational development Weick and Quin (1999) argue that from the perspective of organizational development, change is a set of behavioral science-based theories, values, strategies, and techniques aimed at the planned change of the organizational work setting for the purpose of enhancing individual development and improving organizational performance, through the alteration of organizational members. on-the-job behaviors (p. 363).So, according to them organizational change and development can enhance individual development as well as improving organizational performance by altering organizational members on the job behaviors. As argued before, these behaviors might be enhanced by training or by recruiting and selecting the employees that are most likely to behave in a way that enhances organizational development and performance. Other ways to alter employees on-the-job-behavior is using interventions like job rotation, job enrichment, and teambuilding which lead to better organizational outcomes (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2010) and it motivates employees.Piderit (2000) argues that successful organizational change is highly dependent on generating support and enthusiasm from employees for the purposed change. Grant (2011) proposes that end users can imspire and motivate employees by deliviring convincing testimonials of their experiences with the organization, whereas when leaders are the sole source of inspiring messages, they are considered as being uncredible. Organizational development is thus aimed at improving organizational performance, the effectiveness of this aim is to a large extent dependent on employees acceptance and support for the development.However, there is some critique on organizational development that it mainly focus on squashy attitudes and values, rather than on the hard operational and financial results (Buchanan & Hyczynski, 2010). In addition, the difficulties in assessing and measuring the effectiveness that applied to training programs might also aply to organizatioanl development. Strategic Human Resource Management Although there are some conditional factors that need to be taken into account, the three HR practices discussed in this paper can have quite some impact on organizational effectiveness.The problem often is that it is very hard to assess the sheer effectiveness of these practices on organizational effectiveness. Nevertheless one can conclude that the HR practices mainly have their effect on proximal human resource and organizational outcomes like turnover, job satisfaction, and productivity which in their turn might have effects on financial outcomes. This is seen from a micro or tradition HRM perspective, which covers the sub functions of HR policy and practice.The developing importance of HR for organizational success however, has led to an increasing interest in making HRM a more integral, strategy-driven activity in orga nizations (Perry, 1993, p. 59). This is called strategic human resource management which can be defined as an interdependent bundle of planned or emergent human resource activities that are intended to achieve positive organizational outcomes (Maler & Fisher, 2013, p. 23 ). These interdependent bundles of HR practices should be aligned in such a way to complement and strengthen each other (Gruman & Saks, 2011).This is a macro-orientated view of HRM, it differs from traditional HRM on two dimensions, as argued by Wright and McMahan (1992). The first is the vertical dimension which entails the linking of HR practices to the strategic management process of the organization. The second dimension is horizontal, which emphasis the coordination or congruence among the different practices (Wright & McMahan, 1992). An example of this, is the congruence of selection and training as earlier discussed in this paper.So,an internal fit between the HR practices of an organization can lead to a hig her added value than when the HR practices are considered as separate. Theoretical perspectives Behavioral perspective focuses on employee behavior as a mediator between HR practices and firm performances (Wright & MCMahan, 1992). So, this perspective can explain that although some HR practices might not have a direct impact on organizational effectiveness, they do enhance employees behavior (e. i. motivation and commitment) which on its turn affects firm performance.The bahavioral perspective has its roots in contingency theory. Contingency theory entails that an organizations HR practices must be consistent with other aspects of the organization in order to be effective (Delery & Doty, 1996). Two other theories that are distinguished, are the configurational and universalistic theory. Configurational theories are concerned with how the pattern of multiple independent variables is related to a dependent variable rather than with how individual independent variables are related to t he dependent variable (Delery & Doty, 1996, p.804).The SHRM perspective is a form of configurational theory because it is an integrative perspective which argues that patterns of HR activities, as opposed to single activities, are necessary to achieve organizational outcomes (Gruman & Saks, 2011). SHRM is also a form of the contingency perspective, because the vertical dimension of Wright and McMahan (1992) entails the linking of HR practices to the strategic management process of the organization.On the other hand, there is the universalistic approach, which is the earlier mentioned best-practice view which states that some single HR activites are always the best selection to achieve organizational outcomes. The earlier mentioned meta-analysis of Thanerou et al. (2007) found support for both the contingency and universalistic perspective. On the one hand, they found that training appeared to be stronger related to outcomes when it was matched with organizational capital intensity a nd business strategy (contingency), whereas on the other hand, they found training to be related independently to organizational outcomes (Tharenou et al., 2007).Also other studies discussed in this canvas show support for both perspectives, GMA for example is found by Schmidt and Rader (1999) to be a generalizable factor , since it is always a good predictor of job performance and training succes. Salgado et al. (2003) however, found job complexity to be a moderator. Finally, Delery and Doty (1996) assessed the theoretical foundation of the SHRM literature, and concluded that each of the three perspectives can be used to structure theoretical arguments in order to explain significant levels of variation in financial performance.

E Books and Traditional Books Essay

Throughout history of people, writing is the most significant way of communication and knowledge sharing. Human written on the walls and stones in the beginning. subsequently that reputations took the place of walls and stones. At the present time, thanks to technological advancement, lettering can write on electronic devices that called as e-books. This situation causes argument mingled with e-book and paper book.It is argued that e-books will take the place of paper books in the future in spite of benefits of e-books people should paper books, since it causes negative results such as fleshly sickness on human body, being less interactive and being easily copied. It is claimed that e-books can be read anywhere such as on the bus, in a cafe, subway, airplanes thanks to computer and smart phones however this advantages result in physical sickness on human body.Computers and smart phones can throw away hundred of e-books in their memories. For this reason their using aras increas ing day to day. Nevertheless this situation is not suitable in terms of human health. Because of making levelheaded weather of electronic devices for instance looking at screen for a long time, some disorders observable such as eye strain and headaches. Furthermore, collectible to screen resolution lower than paper, reading on e-books is more difficult. It is clear that e-books devices are harmful for human body.Another frequently heard arguments in prefer of e-books is based on thanks to e-books nature is protected, however electronic books without paper less interactive. It stated that forests are destroyed for paper. Therefore e-books are appearing care eco-friend. Nonetheless only old and broken trees are cut to produce paper. In addition, electronic books are lower interaction between reader and writer. As Stokes states e-books are make it difficult to easily mark them up via underlining, highlighting and marginal notes (n. d).In briefly, paper books should be preferred in terms of interaction. Although it is argued that e- books are more available in global world and they are more economic, they are make it difficult to duplicate. It is often maintained that when you have a laptop and wireless internet connection, you can download all of books. Besides cost of e-books are lower than printed versions due to no printing expenses. However, e-books can be downloaded and share via internet. Thanks to computer and smart phones, e-books are copied without difficult.Besides e-books can be easily hacked,stolen,lost on the internet without approval from the author or publisher. It is indicated in Wikipedia, duplicating of paper books in an amateur printing press is more difficult. To sum up, traditional books should be prefer by readers because they are more interactive, more reliable for preventing to double and they do not have physical sickness on human body. Even if electronic devices are improved rapidly, none of them can not obtain friendliness and pa per smell of traditional books to readers. They might be our closed friend whatever our age.

Thesis: Statistical Hypothesis Testing and Standard Hotels

ARELLANO UNIVERSITY Jose Abad Santos Campus Pasay City PRACTICES ON ACCOMMODATION AND HOUSEKEEPING IN SELECTED STANDARD HOTELS LOCATED inside MANILA AN ASSESSMENT A Thesis Proposal Presented to The FACULTY OF ARELLANO UNIVERSITY Jose Abad Santos Campus, Pasay City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Hotel, Restaurant, and insertion Management By Monica Trisha Amistad Katherine Kay Ann Blancaflor Cathy Magsanay Kriszhane Manalac October 2011 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY Jose Abad Santos CampusPasay City APPROVAL SHEET In partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Hotel, Restaurant, and Institution Management, this thesis entitle Practices on Accommodation and Housekeeping in Selected meter Hotels Located Within Manila An appraisal has been prepared and submitted by the following researchers Monica Trisha Amistad Katherine Kay Ann Blancaflor Cathy Magsanay Kriszhane Manalac who are hereby recommended for ac ceptance and approval for final oral examination RAQUEL L. SALVADOR, DBAAdviser PANEL OF EXAMINERS Approved and accepted during an oral final defense held on September 17, 2011 with the rating of % electric chair Member Member ACKNOWLEDGMENT This study would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of several individuals who in one way or some early(a) contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this study. First and foremost, our utmost gratitude to Dr. Raquel Salvador, our Adviser whose sincerity and encouragement we will never forget.Dr. Salvador has been our inspiration as we hurdle all the obstacles in the completion of this research work. Last but not the least, our family and the one above all of us, the omnipresent God, for answering our prayers and for giving us the strength to plod on despite our wanting to give up and throw in the towel, thank you so much Dear Lord. M. T. D. A. K. K. A. T. B. C. S. M. K. P. M put back OF CONTENTS style PAGE. APPROVAL SHEET. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iv LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT.. v CHAPTER IThe Problem and its Background 1 Introduction. 1 Background of the study .. 3 Theoretical Framework. 5 Conceptual Paradigm 7 disputation of the Problem 8 Hypothesis.. 9 Scope and Limitation of the Study.. 10 Significance of the Study. 11 Definition of Terms. 12 CHAPTER IIReview of Related Literature. 17 Foreign Literature 17 Local Literature. 27 Foreign Studies 32 Local Studies. 5 relevancy of the Related Literature.. 37 CHAPTER III Research Methodology. 39 Research Procedure.. 39 Sampling Design.. 39 Instrumentation. 40Procedure in Gathering Data. 41 Statistical Treatment of Data. 42 Bibliography 44 Appendices. 47 Curriculum Vitae.. 5 ABSTRACT TITLE Practices on Accommodation and Housekeeping in Selected Standard Hotels Located Within Manila An Assessment STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The study will undertake the Assessment on the Practices in Accommodatio n and Housekeeping in selected Standard Hotels located within Manila. Specifically, the study will seek to answer the following subproblems 1. What is the demographic pen of the respondents? 2. 1 Age 2. 2 Gender 2. 3 Civil Status 2. 4 Educational Background 2.What factors can hamper the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of Accommodation and Housekeeping practices? 3. 5 Time 3. 6 Motivation 3. 7 Interrelationship with fellow employees 3. 8 Availability of equipments and materials 3. 9 Working environment 3. 10 Flexibility 3. What are the standard practices as regards to the Accommodation and Housekeeping incision? 4. Is there any significant difference between the implemented housekeeping and trying on practices in the manufacturing and the standard Housekeeping and Accommodation practices imposed by the Department of Tourism?IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY This study will be adept to the following The Hotel Industry. The findings of this study may provide the hospital ity industry an updated output concerning the trends in the accommodation and housekeeping sector of this vast industry both secret and government subsidized hotels. The Hotel Management. This study will provide the hotel management the current trends in the hospitality industry that will aid in formulating better strategies in comparison to its competitors. The Housekeeping Employees.This study will give the housekeeping employees further knowledge as regards to the guest preferences when it comes to accommodation facilities and cleanliness. The HRM Students of Arellano University. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable addition to the pool of research materials available in the university, serving as a reference material for those wanting to conduct exchangeable studies in the future. The Researchers. Not only will the researchers gain substantial information through this study, but they will also partially fulfil the subject requirements for their course. question M ETHOD USED Research Method Used Descriptive Method of Research Respondents 45 respondents comprising of personnel in the Housekeeping Department of the three selected Standard Hotels within Manila. Data Gathering Instrument Used Survey Questionnaires and Observation Survey Questionnaires will be the primary source of data for this study. The Questionnaires were divided into 2 parts. The first part revealed the demographic profile of the respondents (role in the Housekeeping Department, age, gender, civil status and highest educational attainment).The second part revealed how the respondents perceived time, motivation, interrelationship with fellow employees and other factors as an agent that hampers the effectiveness and efficiency in the implementation of Housekeeping practices. Furthermore, the second part of the questionnaire will also reveal if the Housekeeping and Accommodation standards of the industry is strictly tended for by the Standard Hotels. Upon submitting the survey f orms to the hotels, the researchers had facility observations which supplemented the data derived from the survey. PROCEDURES FOR GATHERING DATAFor Descriptive Research, the following steps were undertaken 1. Researchers will look for and collect references from the University library which will serve as a guide in the formulation of survey questionnaires. 2. An approved and signed letter asking for permission to conduct a study to the 3 selected Standard Hotels located within Manila. Submitted together with the letter are the survey questionnaires to be answered by the personnel in the Housekeeping Department and will be collected 4 days after. 3. Upon retrieval of questionnaires, the results will be tabulated, interpreted and analyzed. 4. Evaluation and Finalization

Sexual Offences Act 2003

One of the driving forces behind the creation of the versed Offences consummation 2003 was the low article of faith rate on rapists. In 1999 9,008 reave founts were reported and only 1 in 13 resulted in a conviction . Within this essay I will discuss whether or non the changes introduced by the intimate Offences Act 2003 convey greater clarity to the area of ravish. In sound out to fully pull in this question peerless must foremostly define rapine. The standard translation of rape is unlawful sexual congress with a wo globe who at the conviction of intercourse does non bear . I say standard because with each Sexual Act the explanation of rape has changed in some way. When rape was first introduced as a statutory offence in the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 it merely stated that it is a felony to rape a woman . The Sexual Offences Act 2003 now defines rape as the intentional penetration of the vagina, anus, or give tongue to of a nonher mortal who does n ot consent . Each Sexual Offences Act attempts to progress clarify the area of rape. The main change in the Sexual Offences Act 2003 has to deal with the definition and the area of consent.The Sexual Offences Act of 1956 elaborates to a great finale on the area of rape it goes more in depth where rape is concerned than the Offences Against the Person Act 1861. The Sexual Offences Act 1956 states Rape of a man or woman (1)It is an offence for a man to rape a woman or another man. (2)A man commits rape if (a)he has sexual intercourse with a person (whether vaginal or anal) who at the duration of the intercourse does not consent to it and (b)at the time he knows that the person does not consent to the intercourse or is reckless as to whether that person consents to it. 3)A man also commits rape if he induces a married woman to have sexual intercourse with him by impersonating her husband. (4)Sub classalisation (2) applies for the excogitation of any enactment. Like Offences Agai nst the Person Act 1861, this act also failed to clarify or to give nevertheless direction on the matter of consent. Thus, it was still up to the judiciary to determine the constituent elements and develop the factors that might vitiate an apparent consent. In 1975 the case of DPP v Morgan prompted Parliament to amend this act in order to attempt to clarify the area of consent.The amendment to this act is found in the Sexual Offences Act 1976. This act states (1)For the purposes of section 1 of the M1Sexual Offences Act 1956 (which relates to rape) a man commits rape if (a)he has unlawful sexual intercourse with a woman who at the time of the intercourse does not consent to it and (b)at that time he knows that she does not consent to the intercourse or he is reckless as to whether she consents to it and references to rape in other enactments (including the following provisions of this Act) sh exclusively be construed accordingly. 2)It is hereby declared that if at a discharge for a rape offence the jury has to consider whether a man believed that a woman was consenting to sexual intercourse, the presence or absence of sane grounds for such a belief is a matter to which the jury is to have regard, in conjunction with any other pertinent matters, in considering whether he so believed. In the case of DPP v Morgan the husband invited three friends over to have intercourse with his wife. He told them that she might be acting like she was resisting but she was actually unsloped role playing.Though the wife struggled against them they still had sex with her because they were under the belief that she had consented. They were tried with rape. The judges remark to the jury simply was if you believe that the wife did not consent consequently the defendants belief that she did indeed consent is not a defense. They were all convicted of rape. Due to the confusion cause by this case section 1(2) (as shown above) of the Sexual Offences Act 1976 was created. This gi ves a definition of mens rea in regards to consent .Although this act tried to further clarify consent and the meaning of rape on that point were still some tweaking that had to be done to it. For instance it defines rape but it doesnt establish the need to show that there was force, fear, or fraud touch on the womans consent. The Jury was just instructed to give consent its ordinary meaning. That being stated this act also failed to provide a legal definition of consent. All of these changes were do in the Sexual Offences Act 2003. The Sexual Offences Act 2003 states Rape (1) A person (A) commits an offence if a) he intentionally penetrates the vagina, anus or mouth of another person (B) with his penis, (b) B does not consent to the penetration, and (c) A does not reasonably believe that B consents. (2) Whether a belief is reasonable is to be rigid having regard to all the circumstances, including any steps A has taken to ascertain whether B consents. (3) Sections 75 and 76 a pply to an offence under this section. (4) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for life. Although these changes were made does it actually add clarity to the area of rape?The first change that must be mentioned is the inclusion of oral as a point where penetration can occur. This was included because it was decided that oral sex was just as abhorrent demeaning and traumatizing a violation and equally, if not more psychologically harmful than vaginal and anal rape . Secondly, section 1(1) of this act makes rape gender specific. Since it states that penetration must be done with a penis wherefore only males can commit rape. Thus, women cannot legally be aerated with rape but if they act as an accomplice of a male rapist then they can be charged with causing a person to betroth in sexual activity .Although this section shows that a woman cannot be a rapist section 79(3) which state, references to a part of the bod y include references to a part surgically constructed (in particular, through gender reassignment surgery), is a deviation of this rule this shows that if it is a transsexual, who committed penile surgery then she can be charged with rape, for rape is the penetration of the penis, whether it is a surgically constructed penis or a natural one. It does not matter the gender of who is raped or that of the rapist .Those with surgically constructed vaginas can also be raped as per R v Matthews . Thirdly, the actus reus for rape is no longer unlawful sexual intercourse. In the previous Sexual Acts 1956 and 1976 unlawful intercourse was the actus reus. Unlawful meant sexual intercourse outside of marriage. This was discovered to be a common law action as per R v R , and was abolished. Now a husband can rape his wife. The actus reus for rape according to the Sexual Offences Act 2003 is penetration . In accordance with this act in order for it to be rape several elements must be meet.Firstl y, it has to be proven that the vagina, anus or mouth was intentionally penetrated by the defendant. The mens rea for rape is the intentional penetration. once penetrated it is thought that intent is there unless the penetration is minimal. In that case it can be argued that the defendant only meant to stay on the outside . Intoxication cannot be used as a defense as per R v Woods , due to the fact that rape is still a crime of grassroots intent. Before this act the actus reus for rape was unlawful intercourse (outside marriage)it is now penetration.Section 79(2) defines penetration as a continuing act from entry to withdrawal , as per Cooper v Schaub . For it to be penetration full entry is not necessary. Thus, the vagina includes the vulva this is explained in section 79(9), which simply states that Vagina includes vulva As per R v Tarmohammed the penis should be removed if at any point consent is withdrawn. This brings me to my next point that of consent. Secondly, it has to b e determined whether or not the victim gave consent. Section 74 defines consent as a person freely agreeing by survival and who has the freedom and capacity to make that choice . The phrase capacity to make a choice is a tricky phrase especially if one is dealing with a person with a mental disorder. To help clarify this in the Offences related to persons with a mental disorder section 30(2) is used. This states B is unable to refuse if He lacks the capacity to choose whether to agree to the touching (whether because he lacks sufficient understanding of the reputation or possible consequences of what is being done, or for any other reason), or he is unable to communicate such a choice to A. Therefore if one does not understand the complete nature of the act then they cannot consent as per R v Williams . More clarification on whether or not a woman has consented is given by sections 75 and 76 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003. These sections each contain a presumption about consent . Section 75 contain evidential presumption which may be challenged by the defendant, whereas, section 76 cannot be challenged as it is conclusive presumptions . The evidential burden is not a burden of proof it simply means that the defendant needs to provide some secernate that supports his case.Section 75 states (1) If in proceedings for an offence to which this section applies it is proved (a) that the defendant did the relevant act, (b) that any of the circumstances specified in subdivision (2) existed, and (c) that the defendant knew that those circumstances existed, If (a), (b), and (c) are proved by the prosecution then it can be assumed that the victim did not consent to the act nor did the offender reasonably believe that he had consent. If the judge does not think that the evidence is enough to raise an issue then the jury is instructed to look at section 75(2) . This states The circumstances are that a) any person was, at the time of the relevant act or immediately be fore it began, using violence against the complainant or causing the complainant to fear that immediate violence would be used against him (b) any person was, at the time of the relevant act or immediately before it began, causing the complainant to fear that violence was being used, or that immediate violence would be used, against another person (c) the complainant was, and the defendant was not, unlawfully detained at the time of the relevant act (d) the complainant was asleep or otherwise unconscious at the time of the relevant act (e) because of the complainants physical disability, the complainant would not have been able at the time of the relevant act to communicate to the defendant whether the complainant consented (f) any person had administered to or caused to be taken by the complainant, without the complainants consent, a centerfield which, having regard to when it was administered or taken, was capable of causing or enabling the complainant to be stupefied or overpow ered at the time of the relevant act. (3) In subsection (2)(a) and (b), the reference to the time immediately before the relevant act began is, in the case of an act which is one of a continuous series of sexual activities, a reference to the time immediately before the first sexual activity began. When looking at sections 75(2)(a) and (b) violence is not given a legal definition here but uses its normal definition. Violence is any action using physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill . The one who does the act does not have to be the one that used violence in coercing the victim. In regards to section 75(2)(d) if one is asleep they then cannot give consent to the act as per R v Larter and Castleton . When dealing with section 75(2)(e) if one cannot communicate it may be due to a physical or mental disability. In regards to section 75(2)(f) if the offender knew that the substance used would render the victim overpowered then he can be charged with rape. The conclusive presu mptions found in section 76 are (1) If in proceedings for an offence to which this section applies it is proved that the defendant did the relevant act and that any of the circumstances specified in subsection (2) existed, it is to be conclusively presumed (a) that the complainant did not consent to the relevant act, and (b) that the defendant did not believe that the complainant consented to the relevant act. (2) The circumstances are that (a) the defendant intentionally deceived the complainant as to the nature or purpose of the relevant act (b) the defendant intentionally induced the complainant to consent to the relevant act by impersonating a person known personally to the complainant. This simply means that if the offender intentionally deceives the victim in regards to what the act is which is taken place or to who he is then the consent is not valid. Thirdly, it has to be proven that the offender did not reasonably believe that the victim consented. Consent of honest but mis taken belief is not available where due to self-induced intoxication, there was recklessness as to consent, or where D failed to take all reasonable steps that might be expected in the circumstances. In the case of DPP v Morgan it was decided that a person would not be guilty of rape if they had an honest belief that the victim did indeed consent.With the Sexual Offences Act section 1(2) it is no longer as simple as that. Section 1(2) states Whether a belief is reasonable is to be determined having regard to all the circumstances, including any steps A has taken to ascertain whether B consents. The offender may in fact have made an honest mistake in regards of consent but it must be decided if the mistake was a reasonable one. This is left up to the jury to determine using a internal approach. This means that the jury must look at all the facts including the offender characteristics, thus, giving a subjective view. In conclusion, it is my belief that the Sexual Offences Act 2003 does add a greater clarity to the area of rape.When one look at the previous Sexual Acts and compare them with the current act it is easy to see the changes that has been made Not only can a biological male commit the act of rape but now a transgender individual can as well. Due to this act rape now entails oral sex and consent is given a legal definition. Section 75 and 76 of the act helps to further clarify the area of consent. Thanks to the changes made in this act the elements for rape are now more defined. ? BIBLIOGRAPHY Card, Richard (2008) Card, Cross, and Jones Criminal Law. new-sprung(prenominal) York, Oxford University Press Cooper v Schaub 1994 Crim LR 531 DPP v Morgan 1976 A. C. 182 Martin ,A, Elizabeth. ed)(2006) Oxford dictionary of Law. New York, Oxford University Press Office of Public Sector Information. The UK Statute law Database. (online) available from http//www. opsi. gov. uk/ (Accessed 3rd April 2009) R v R 1993 1 All ER 747 R v Larter and Castleton 1995 Crim LR 75 R v Tarmohammed 1997 Crim LR 458 R v Williams 1992 All ER 322 R v Woods (1981) 74 Cr App R 312 Soanes, Catherine. (ed)(2007) Oxford English Mini Dictionary. New York, Oxford University Press Stevenson, Kim. et al (2004) Blackstones Guide to The Sexual Offences Act 2003. New York, Oxford University Press Tomaselli, Sylvana. , Porter Roy (ed)(1986) RAPE. New York, Basil Blackwell Ltd.

Frida Kahlo HSC

Friday Kohl Art whoremonger be an expression of face-to-face experience Discuss this statement in graphic symbol to the life of Friday Kohl. Friday Kohl was described as the prototypal woman in the history of ruse to ad lay with absolute and uncompromising honesty, general and specific themes which exclusively affect women by life-long lover, Diego Riviera. As a Mexican female artist in the 20th century, Fridays themes expressed in her ar dickensrks were considered highly explicit at the time.She was fine artist who used autobiographical through her all-embracing output f self-portraits. They are evidence of her need for self-expression and her exploration of identity. She overcame m each a(prenominal) difficult events including polio, long recovery from a undecomposed car accident, two failed marriages, and several(prenominal) miscarriages some having a direct influence on her art. She used these experiences, combined with Mexican and Native American cultural and stylistic i nfluences, to create highly personal word pictures.Kohl used personal symbolism mixed with Surrealism to express her suffering and anguish through her work. A viewer might classify her photographs as Surrealism, but she considered her art to be realistic. In reference to the statement art can be an expression of personal experience, Kohl has produced a plethora of artworks which express her personal experience. Kohls umteen works from 1926 until her death in 1954 were each a response to an event, personal experience or the result of her own personal exploration into her heritage or identity.On September 17th, 1925 one single event changed Kohls entire future. She was injured in a collision of a tram and a bus in which she suffered serious injuries in the accident, including a broken spinal column, a broken collarbone, broken ribs, a broken pelvis, eleven fractures in her right leg, a crushed and spaced right foot, and a dislocated shoulder. An iron handrail pierced her abdomen a nd her uterus, which seriously damaged her reproductive ability. After this she was bedridden for months and as she states Without giving it any particular thought, I started picture.This accident also provide many direct influence to her artworks including a small drawing Accident (1925), which portrays a crack with no consideration to the rules of respective and the images of the collision, her broken dust lying on the road and her own face looking down upon her can be seen. excessively in her later work The Broken Column (1944), this image is a direct response to her body health slowly deteriorating to the point where she had to wear a metal corset. In the painting Friday is the centre image, with an Ionic column broken in several places as a symbol of her spine.All over her body terse nails are embedded in her skin which expresses the immense pain which is also highlighted by the desolate, fissured landscape which ads a feel of loneliness. Friday is well known for her uniq ueness, this developed former(a) in her life with the help of her loving father, Wilhelm Kohl (1872-1941), he provided her with a passion for art as he was a photographer she describes him as an immense illustration to me of tenderness, of work and above all of understanding.Her affection towards her father is expressed in the painting Portrait of my Father (1951), where she clearly expresses with the bannered across the bottom of the painting his accomplishments ND by positioning him with the tool of his trade a plate-back camera, her respect for him. As a young child Friday suffered from polio, which stunted the growth of her right foot, during her recuperation she spent a lot of time with her father learning how to use a camera and color photographs experiences which were useful for her later painting.Friday Kohls self-portraits carried highly personal messages and helped her to shaped her idea of her own self by creating herself anew in her art, she could find her way to her identity. Such is expressed in The Two Fridays (1939) is a double elf-portrait, which is a complex image, filled with symbolism. This revealing, if enigmatic, work is a direct response to Kohls divorce from her life-long lover Diego Riviera, and expresses her personal feeling towards the situation. The duality Kohl feels is revealed by contrasting costumes, Mexican and European.The painting is filled with the pain she felt at the separation from Riviera. Kohl has painted two versions of herself one Friday, wears a Victorian dress, is the one Riviera loved and the other, on the right, dressed in simple Athena dress, is the Friday he no longer eves. The two Fridays hold hands and are also connected by an artery that flows between their two hearts. The Friday on the left-hand side controls the blood flow with surgical clamps and the open artery on her lap may refer to the end of her marriage with Riviera.The Friday on the right-hand side holds a small portrait of Riviera as a child. Friday on the right can also symbolism Catholic representations of the Sacred watch of Jesus and the Friday on the left has her chest ripped open which could be in reference to the Aztec sacrificial practices. A turbulent sky fills the background, and focus is on inner identity and the desiring body. The doubling or split self and the contradictory pairing of an inner and outer reality being played out in the body suggest a surreal vision.Her many self-portraits show an indication of how her style developed over her career, when comparing her earliest self-portrait Self-portrait in a velvet dress (1926) to her later Self-portrait time flies (1929) there is a clear indication of development in style and attention to symbolism. Details like her simple looting, colonial earring, pre-colonial necklace, indicating pre-Columbian and colonial cultural influences, are an obvious progression from her earlier work.Another example is in the two portraits Portrait of Alicia Gallant (1927) an d Portrait of my sister Christina (1928), in these early portraits her style still orientated towards European-influenced Mexican portrait painting of the 19th-century, differ from the later portraits, which reveal a clear trend towards Mexicans, Mexican national consciousness. Her many personal influences are also expressed within many of her arks, she had a love of Chinese poetry which is represented in the subject for the painting Portrait of Miguel N.Lira (1927), her interest in Aztec rituals is represented in the composition of the painting My birth (1932) where the position of the woman giving birth is a direct reference to the goddess Tolerated and her passion for nature and life is represented as a motif in several paintings, including portrait of Luther Burbank (1931) a famed horticulturalist for his unusual passion for veggie and fruit hybrid. In this paint he is pictured as half tree, half human.Her work for he first time turning away from simple reality into external reality. Skeleton at bottom relates to her favorite subject birth of life through death which reflects on her personal experience in the car crash she suffered. The Mexican Revolution which began in 1910 had an effective influence upon the young Friday (only 3 at the time), who would later claim to be born in 1910 as to state she and the new Mexico were born at the same time.Though there are no artworks dedicated solely to the revolution and its effect upon her, it is clear in some of her works the effect the evolution and its figures had upon her like Nucleus of entry (1945) and Self- Portrait dedicated to Leon Trotsky (1937), the prominent figure and Kohl shared a brief part and she presented to him on his birthday November 7th, the anniversary of the Russian Revolution.Her idea of creation in relation to sexuality and birth is a recurring theme in many of her later paintings including Flower of Life (1943), depicting a pollinating flower as a powerful representation of sexuali ty, also in Sun and Life (1947), where the shapeless plant forms are symbols of female and male initial alongside the life-giving sun in the centre and especially in the painting Nucleus of Creation (1945), this painting was directly inspired by the book Moses the Man and Monotheistic Religion by Sigmund Freud, the central figure is the abandoned baby Moses which resembles Diego Riviera surrounded by a fetus, a large sun, an egg being fertilized by sperm and also many influential figures of time including Stalin, Ghanaian and Jesus. Friday was influenced by her inability to consume a child and this is a topic she explores through many of her works, in 1932 while in Detroit, United States Kohl suffered a miscarriage which is represented in the painting Henry Ford Hospital (1932), where the artist is shown as a small, naked, vulnerable figure in an enormous bed in the front of a broad plain with an industrious, cityscape on the horizon. The bed is stained with blood and flowing fro m her hand are images of a fetus, flower and other images linked to her miscarriage.Her miscarriage is also depicted in My Birth (1932), where Friday illustrates her own birth where she appears lifeless. Fridays work as a female artist in the 20th century has ad a rudimentary impact on successive female artists. She suffered an early death at the age of 47, and like many artists since her death her work has achieved more popularity than during her life. In the lip Friday Kohl achieved a cult figure status she is well-known for her adjoining eyebrows and explicitly, yet heavily personal work. Therefore in reference to the statement art can be an expression of personal experience, Friday Kohls work would support this as many events in her life led to the creation of many artworks. (1620 words)

Light and Dark Shading in 17th Century Art

The use of light and dreary shading during the Baroque esthetic movement during the seventeenth century was how the artist caught the eye of the observer and brought emphasis to certain areas of the painting. The technique was used by objet darty of the artists of the day and their influence tin can even be seen in modern times. Rembrandt van Rijn and Johannes Vermeer are two examples of artist that used the elements of light and dark shading.Rembrandts famous Self delineation is a perfect example of how he used the technique. In the portrait, the aged Rembrandt seriously looks out with a far away look. Most of the picture is dark and the clothing and upper torso of the body is so dark that simply a muted outline can be seen of his clothing. There is a expose of light on his hands. The eye is drawn upward to the dark red behind the artists head. Even though it is dark, the red brings color to the portrait. The only true light is centered on Rembrandts manifestation. That is wh ere the emphasis of the whole painting lies. He does this so that only the actual parts of the real man draw the attention.Vermeer, on the other hand, uses shading differently. There is a dark tapestry on the wall behind the subject in Woman retentiveness Balance. The area to the bottom left is also dark. An extremely dark blue cloth is draped on the table in front of her and hangs off the side. The underneath portion of the table is too dark to discern anything. There is a beam of light that flows from a high window and it illuminates the womans stage and upper torso so that it is obvious that she is holding a balance.Her skirt and cape are dark, but the edging of her cape and headdress is white, thus outlining her face and hands as she stares intently at her balance. The light in the portrait bring the focus the womans expression, and brings her to the center of the painting.Both Rembrandt and Vermeer did an excellent hire out of creating emphasis by using light and dark shadin g. They were examples of an artistic period that is still admired today. ReferencesHistory of Art A Brief Survey. Baroque and Rocco Art. Retrieved June 7, 2007, fromhttp//www.ou.edu/ curriculum/ahi1113/html/ch-13-2.htmhttp//www.ou.edu/class/ahi1113/slides/13-24.jpghttp//www.ou.edu/class/ahi1113/slides/13-26-2.jpgPortrait History. Retrieved June 7, 2007, from http//www.family-portrait.net/portraithistory.php

Play “The Crucible” by Arthur Miller Essay

The Crucible by Arthur Miller is a sportsman set during thte hysteria of the capital of Oregon witch trials of 1692. The word crucible is defined as a severe test or a container for melting or purifying metals. The title of this play is incredibly appropriate because the charactersin the play were faced with a great test while attempting to purify their community. WHen faced with a conflict, the citizens of Salem begin to act on basic animal instincts, and their neat colors shine done.The word crucible is appropriate because the intention of the court was to purge the town of Salem of any evil beings, but the court exactly created a way for wrong-doers to go unpunished and those who stayed true to their values be killed. The additional definition of crucible is appropriate because the characters in the play were faced with a choice of doing what was morally and ethically correct or doing what was wrong.For example, John Proctor is tested several times throughout the play. Becaus e it is my name Because I cannot have another(prenominal) in my lifeI have given you my sould leave me my name (Miller, 1166). The audience is able to see Proctors true character through this quote. Although he is sentenced to be hanged, he refuses to soil his name or jeopardize his morals, not even in exchange for his life.Mary Warren represents the bulk of the citizens of Salem because she was driven by fear. I cannot, theyll turn on me (Miller, 1129). When Mary Warren trys to to undo her wrongs, she becomes frightened to stand on her own and risk being accuse of witchcraft. some(prenominal) of the citizens of Salem that were accused of witchcraft sacrificed their morals and their values in order to keep their lives.When the citizens of Salem become scared, they lose their ability to think logically. Many of them lie to save themselves or lie to gain something. The choas brought out each characters true personality.

Langston Hughes: Historical Perspective Essay

The two poems that I chose to write close are The Negro obtain and Mother to Son by Langston Hughes. Both of these poems are about a mother intercommunicate to her children and speaking of the hard times that she has been through in the past. If we read these poems its very much telling us about history and the things that black people had to endure back in the days. Many people dejection view it as her speaking to her children or to her son directly but I see it as her speaking to the black children of society.The Negro Mother is a poem where a mother is speaking to her children about her struggles and reminding them of her ancestors and their days as a slave I am the one who labored as a slave, beaten and mistreated for the work that I gave (Hughes, 2012, Line 11). At the beginning of the poem she begins to tell of the alarming things and how bad things were but then starts to tell her children a type of hope and telling them Stand interchangeable free men supporting my trust . Believe in the right, let none push you back. (Hughes, 2012, Line 36).In the poem Mother to Son, we have the similar theme where the mother speaks of her struggles in life. She describes her life as stairs and says that her life for me aint been no crystal stair. (Hughes, 2012, Line 2) Just like on the kickoff poem she continues to encourage her son and telling him never to give up. wear downt you fall now- for Ise unperturbed goin honey. Ise still climbin (Hughes, 2012, Line 17). What I thought she meant here is dont give up because after all that I have been through, I am still going.

Accounting Hw

dramatic art of Organs, Inc. , purchases variety meat from a well-known manufacturer and sells them at the retail level. The organs sell, on the average, for $2,500 each. The average cost of an organ from the manufacturer is $1,500. mansion of Organs, Inc. , has always kept careful records of its cost. The be that the company incurs in a typical month are presented below in the form of a spreadsheet equals Cost Formula Selling Advertising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $950 per month Delivery of organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $60 per organ interchange gross revenue salaries and commissions . . . . . . . . . $4,800 per month, plus 4% of sales Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $650 per month Depreciation of sales facilities . . . . . . . . . . $5,000 per month administrative Executive salaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $13,500 per month Depreciation of office equipment . . . . . . . $900 per month clerica l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,500 per month, plus $40 per organ sell Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $700 per month During November, the company sold and delivered 60 organs. Required 1. Prepare an income statement for November using the tralatitious format with cost organized by function. 2. Redo (1) above, this time using the contribution format with costs organized by behavior. Show costs and revenues on both a total and a per social whole basis down through contribution margin. 3. Refer to the income statement you prepared in (2) above.Why might it be misleading to show the fixed costs on a per unit basis? SOLUTION 1. House Of Organs, Inc. Income Statement For the Month Ended November 30 gross sales (60 organs ? 2,500 per organ) $150,000 Cost of goods sold 90,000 (60 organs ? 1,500 per organ) thoroughgoing(a) margin 60,000 Selling and administrative expenses Selling expenses Adve rtising $950 Delivery of organs 3,600 (60 organs ? $60 per organ) Sales salaries and commissions 10,800 $4,800 + (4% ? 150,000) Utilities 650 Depreciation of sales facilities 5,000 Total selling expenses 21,000 Administrative expenses Executive salaries 13,500 Depreciation of office equipment 900 Clerical 4,900 $2,500 + (60 organs ? 40 per organ) Insurance 700 Total administrative expenses 20,000 Total selling and administrative expenses 41,000 shekels operating income $? 19,000 2. House Of Organs, Inc. Income Statement For the Month Ended November 30 Total Per Unit Sales (60 organs ? $2,500 per organ) $150,000 $2,500 Variable expenses Cost of goods sold 90,000 1,500 (60 organs ? 1,500 per organ) Delivery of organs 3,600 60 (60 organs ? $60 per organ) Sales commissions (4% ? $150,000) 6,000 100 Clerical (60 organs ? $40 per organ) 2,400 40 Total variable expenses 102,000 1,700 Contribution margin 48,000 $800 Fixed expenses Advertising 950 Sales salaries 4,800 Utilities 650 Depreciation of sales facilities 5,000 Executive salaries 13,500 Depreciation of office equipment 900 Clerical 2,500 Insurance 700 Total fixed expenses 29,000 Net operating income $19,000 3. Fixed costs remain constant in total but vary on a per unit basis with changes in the activity level. For example, as the activity level increases, fixed costs decrease on a per unit basis. Showing fixed costs on a per unit basis on the income statement make them appear to be variable costs. That is, management might be misled into thinking that the per unit fixed costs would be the same regardless of how many organs were sold during the month. For this reason, fixed costs should be shown only in totals on a contribution-type income statement.

Banjamin Banneker Analysis

Benjamin Banneker Analysis At the turn of the 18th century, forces secreted by British colonization imposed an evident state of corruption in the United States, leaving an indelible abrasion upon our nation. Thomas Jefferson, who proclaimed his advocacy toward equality, seemed to stray from the intent of abolishing inequality between man. Benjamin Banneker, who sustains his intellect through his evident knowledge of Jeffersons motives, dedicates a earn in regards to questioning Thomas Jeffersons persona as Secretary of State, in a dire attempt to uphold justice in the pretend of his father, who suffered a life as a slave.As the letter unfolds, the author implements a critical use of rhetorical strategies that inflict a sensation of guilt upon Jefferson, portraying him as an immoral man, due to his lack of assistance to civil rights. As Bannekers letter unfolds, his selection of detail allows him to remind Jefferson of his prior imprisonment by cleverly referring to the British Colonization of America, as tyranny of the British Crown (Line 2), emphasizing their imperialistic ideals.In carve up 2, the authors intellect of Jeffersons proclaimed motives is evidently demonstrated as he cites his notorious passage from the Declaration of Independence, We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalien adequate rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. (Lines 21-25) By deliberately addressing Jeffersons own beliefs, Banneker is able to successfully inflict guilt upon Jefferson, forcing him to realize his personal immorality.As evidenced by the essay, Banneker repeatedly utilizes the term sir in each split up when addressing Jefferson. Bannekers intention revolves around establishing a distinct sensation of ethical appeal, and accurately demonstrates Bannekers respect for Jefferson, despite his inner resentment. By referring to Thomas Jefferson a s sir, Banneker decreases the harshness of his delivery, thus preventing Jefferson from deeming his scheme as immature, and actually acknowledging his claim.His strategy not only portrays him as a respectful man, but allows for flavourless communication. Emotional appeal, a primary strategy instilled throughout Bannekers notation, is first utilized in carve up 1, in an attempt to exert guilt and eerie memories from Jeffersons past. The author finalizes paragraph 1 by implying Thomas Jeffersons ungratefulness to his liberation from England by stating that Thomas Jefferson is lucky to have been set free, as opposed to the circumstance several Americans are dealt.In paragraph 3, the use of Pathos is depicted when he accuses Jefferson of be merciless toward slaves, despite his downfall in his previous years. He not only blames Jefferson for the detainment of these vulnerable and unreserved slaves, but also points out his ideals and deems him as pitiable. (Line 30) In a fierce attem pt to validate his claim concerning Jeffersons act of fraud, Banneker uses a unique form of paradox, represented in the third paragraph of his letter.Although Thomas Jefferson was generally portrayed as a sane man, the author utilizes loaded words in order to properly depict Jeffersons form of hypocrisy. Likewise, he initiates his argument by reciting the basic morality that Jefferson lives to defend, such as equality and advocacy against impartial distribution of rights. Moreover, the recognition is reverted, placing the blame on the consequent of slavery toward the Secretary of State. The author demonstrates a steadfast tenacity toward proving Jefferson immoral, and accuses him of being a criminal. that you should at the resembling time counteract his mercies in detaining by fraud and violencemy brethren under groaning captivityyou should at the aforementioned(prenominal) time be found guilty of that most criminal act (Lines 36-39) Jeffersons reaction is pass judgment to be i n awe and particularly remorseful, as Banneker successfully proves Jefferson of being unlawful. Benjamin Banneker, a foretelling in astronomy, mathematics, surveys, and above all rhetoric, instills his resentment toward Thomas Jeffersons ignorance to the enslaved African American population.Maintaining the sole utilization of bringing justice to his father and prisoners pasts, Banneker utilizes strategic rhetorical strategies that are ultimately notes in order to spark action in the nations dwindling society. His letter is utilized not only to represent Bannekers true opinion of Jefferson, but deliberately writes a respectful letter to Jefferson in the hopes of allowing Jefferson to acknowledge his faults. The author successfully delivers his proposal, instilling hope in our nation that change is, in fact, a possibility.

Opinions About Online Schools

As todays society goes on, more and more things atomic number 18 starting to modernize, including how we learn in school. Yes, there is still conventional school (books, pen, paper, etc. ) but plane traditional school has some technology. In addition to the changes in traditional school, the way we go to school has become modernized. When in college you no longer have to wake-up and go to a class filled with students, you merchant ship get a degree at home in your pajamas Yep, thats exactly what I said.Today you can obtain a degree in the comfort of your ingest home Think about it. Are online schools really that bulky of an idea? Yes they abide single parents the tycoon to get a degree and nurture children, and yes they allow anti-social students to stay within their comfort zones, but are they really helping other college students? My personal opinion is no. I think online colleges are non as rewarding as traditional schooling. First of all, it makes students lazier. They w ont have a savvy to leave the house, so they wont.Attending school online could cause someone to become socially dysfunctional, sluggish, and unaware of the opportunities postponement for them outside of the walls of their home. Online colleges can also deprive students from the movement and experience of an actual college lifestyle. Online schools also leave you wonder if youre getting a genuine college degree. Sometimes schools arent always licensed colleges. Basically what Im saying is, you could spend lots of time and money on something thats not even real.There are several creditable colleges out there, but there are also a great number of phony online colleges. Wondering if you really have a college degree or not is something you shouldnt have to ever think about. Lastly online colleges wont provide you with as much association for a specific career as possible. Theres average no way you can learn through e-mails and automated instructors. Without an actual instructor to g uide you, you will be left only to search the web for information, and we all know that everything we find on the internet isnt always true.If you beginnert have the proper guidance and materials needed for a subject or topic, itll be extremely difficult for you to succeed in a career that requires college knowledge for an entry level job. In conclusion, online schools just arent suitable for students who are seeking to get the most out of college. They cause you to get lazier, youre never sure if youre attending a creditable school, and online schools just dont provide you with enough knowledge. Online schools may be appropriate for some people, but for the majority of students I dont think online colleges are suitable.