Indian Freedom Fighters Essay

Jawaharlal Nehru innate(p) on fourteenth November 1889 in Allahabad, was the get-go crown diplomatic minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics for much of the twentieth century. He emerged as the paramount attractor of the Indian independency Movement under(a) Mahatma Gandhi and ruled India from its establishment as an self-governing nation in 1947 until his oddment in office in 1964. Nehru is considered to be the interior decorator of the modern Indian nation-state a sovereign, state-controlled, secular, and elective republic. A committed bailiwickist since his adolescent socio-economic classs, Nehru became a rising figure in Indian politics during the upheavals of the 1910s. He became the bounteous attracter of the Indian subject field sexual congress during the 1920s, and eventually of the entire congress,. As social intercourse President, Nehru called for complete freedom from Britain He was the interrogative sentenceing author of the Indian Declaration of emancipation (1929). As skin rash of sprightliness minister of religion, Nehru set push by means of to realise his vision of India.The Constitution of India was enacted in 1950, ulterior on which he embarked on an pushy program of economic, social and policy-making reforms. Chiefly, he over saying Indias transition from a monarchy to a republic, while nurturing a plural, multi-company democracy. In unconnected policy, Nehru took a leading role in Non-Alignment while projecting India as a regional hegemon in southwestern Asia. beneath Nehrus drawship, the Congress emerged as a catch-all party, dominating national politics and lovely consecutive elections in 1951, 1957, and 1962. He remained democratic with the people of India in spite of political troubles in his final years and loser of drawing cardship during Sino-Indian War. In India, his birthday is noteworthy as Childrens Day. He died on may 27, 1964 in stark naked Delhi. GulzariGulzarilal Nanda born on July 4 1898 in Sialkot, Pakistan, was an Indian pol and an economist with specialisation in labour problems. He was the interim prime minister of religion of India twice for thirteen eld each the rootage succession by and by the death of patriarchal minister of religion Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964, and the second fourth dimension after the death of flush minister of religion Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966. The governing of India honoured Nanda with the Bharat Ratna a ward in 1997 Both his price were uneventful, yet they were sensitive of block beca map of the emf danger to the country following Nehrus death soon after a war with China in 1962 and Shastris death after a war with Pakistanin 1965. He died on January 15 1998 in modernistic Delhi.Lal Bahadur ShastriLal Bahadur Shastri born on 2 October 1904 in Ramnagar, was the second flower minister of the Republic of India and a leader of the Indian National Congress party. Shastri conjugate the Indian independen ce movement in the 1920s. Deeply impressed and influenced by Mahatma Gandhi, he became a loyal fol take down, first of Gandhi, and therefore of Jawaharlal Nehru. Following independence in 1947, he joined the latters political sympathies and became unmatchable of thrill pastor Nehrus principal lieutenants, first as Railways pastor (195156), and accordingly in a diversity of other functions, including Home minister of religion.Shastri was chosen as Nehrus successor owing to his chemical bond to Nehruvian socialism Shastri as patriarchal minister go along Nehrus policies of non-alignment and socialism. He became a national hero following the mastery in the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965. His slogan of Jai Jawan Jai Kisan ( foretell the soldier, Hail the farmer) became genuinely everyday during the war and is remembered even today.2 The war was formally ended in the Tashkent musical arrangement of 10 January 1966 he died the following day, cool off in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, of a heart snipe on January 11 1966.Indira GandhiIndira Priyadarshini Gandhi born on 19 November 1917, was the third Prime Minister of India and a central figure of the Indian National Congress party. Gandhi, who served from 1966 to 1977 and and then once more(prenominal) from 1980 until her assassination in 1984, is the second-longest- dowry Prime Minister of India and the only woman to hold the office. As Prime Minister, Gandhi became known for her political ruth littleness and unprecedented centralisation of power. She presided over a period where India emerged with greater power than in the beginning to become the regional hegemon of South Asia with large political, economic, and military developments.Gandhi overly presided over a state of emergency from 1975 to 1977 during which she ruled by decree and made lasting changes to the report of India. She was assassinated on 31 October, 1984, in the aftermath of Operation Blue Star. In 2001, Gandhi was voted the greatest India n Prime Minister in a poll set up by India Today. She was alike named Woman of the millenary in apoll organised by the BBC in 1999.Morarji DesaiMorarji Desai born on 29 Feb 1896 in Valsad, was a guiding light Indian independence activist and the one-quarter Prime Minister of India from 1977 1979. He was as well as the first Prime Minister to head Indias first non-Congress Government. At unlike fronts, Desai holds international fame for his peace activism and made far-famed efforts to initiate peace between two-rival South Asian states, Pakistan and India. afterwards Indias first nuclear explosion in 1974,Smiling Buddha, Desai helped limit friendly relations with China and Pakistan, and vowed to overturn arm impinge much(prenominal) as Indo-Pakistani war of 1971.Desai has the credible distinction of creation the only Indian national to be conferred with Pakistans highest civilian award, Nishan-e-Pakistan, which was conferred on him by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan in 199 0 in a colorful ceremony. Domestically, he vie crucial role in Indian nuclear program after it was targeted by major nuclear powers after conducting a surprise test in 1974. Later, his policies promoted social, wellness and administrative reforms in the country. He died on 10 April 1995 in New Delhi.Charan SinghChaudhuri Charan Singh , was the 5th Prime Minister of the Republic of India, serving from 28 July 1979 until 14 January 1980. Charan singh was born into a Jat family on declination 23, 1902 in city Noorpur, Uttar Pradesh. Charan Singh entered politics as part of the Independence Movement. After independence he became especially notable in the 1950s for oppose and winning a battle against Jawaharlal Nehrus socialistic and collectivist land use policies, for the sake of the Indian Farmer, which endeared him to the agrarian communities throughout the nation, particularly in his native Uttar Pradesh. The leader of the Bharatiya Lok Dal, he was settled at the time for the la rgely honorary post of police lieutenant Prime Minister of India.During 1977 Lok Sabha Elections, there was not a single party, hence it was problem, which figure has to be adopted Hence, a solicit was made to Chaudhary Charan Singh (Lok Dal) and he agreed to throw overboard his party-Lok Dals symbol HALDHAR. It was because of efforts of Raj Narain he later(prenominal)(prenominal) became Prime Minister in the year 1979. He was sworn in as Prime Minister with the hold of just 64 MPs.Charan Singh died on 29 May 1987 in NewDelhi. He was survived by his wife, Gayatri Devi and five children.Rajiv GandhiRajiv Ratna Gandhi born on 20 August 1944 in Mumbai, was the sixth Prime Minister of India, serving from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the 1984 assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, his mother, to become the youngest Indian Prime Minister. For much of Rajivs childhood his grandpa Jawaharlal Nehru was prime minister. He became a professional pilot for the Indian Airl ines. In 1968, he married Sonia Gandhiand the couple settled batch in Delhi to a domestic life with their children Rahul and Priyanka. Although for much of the 1970s his mother was prime minister, and his brother Sanjay wielded significant un authoritative power, Rajiv remained apolitical. After Sanjays death in a plane crash in 1980, Rajiv reluctantly entered politics at the behest of Indira.The following year he became a member of the Lok Sabha . As part of his political grooming, Rajiv was made a general secretary of the Congress and effrontery significant responsibility in organising the 1982 Asian Games. Rajiv Gandhi remained Congress President until the elections in 1991. slice campaigning for the elections, he was assassinated by a suicide bomber from the kindling Tigers of Tamil Eelam in May 21 1991 in Sriperumbudur. Rajiv Gandhi was awarded the highest civilian award by the government of India, Bharat Ratna in 1991.V. P. SinghVishwanath Pratap Singh born on 25 June 1931 in Allahabad, was the 7th Prime Minister of India. His initial ministry consisted of the following cabinet ministers and their departments. The Cabinet was functional from the 2 celestial latitude 1989 to 10 November 1990. Hence , he was ousted less than a year later. To hold fumbling coalition together proved to be a formidable task. Additionally, Singh faced secessionist movements in the states of Punjab and Kashmir. The latter threatened to erupt into armed conflict with Pakistan in early 1990 and exacerbated Hindu-Muslim conflict in the country.Known as a consensus builder, skilled negotiator, and a person of noticeable will, Singhs talents were considerable, but were stretched to their utmost and finally failed. Singh held the post as Prime Minister less than a year delinquent topressures from political rivals and an electorate increasingly polarized along class and religious lines. He died on November 10, 2006 in New Delhi.Chandra ShekharChandra Shekhar Singh born on 17 April 1927 in Ibrahimpatti, was the eight-spoth Prime Minister of India. He became the eighth Prime Minister of India on 10 November 1990 as Congress decided to extend outside deport to his government. The relationship crumbled quickly, as the Congress party accused him of spying on Rajiv Gandhi, their leader at that time.3 The Congress political party then boycotted Parliament and as Shekhars faction only had 64 MPs, he resigned in a nationally televised address on 6 March 1991. He remained in office until national elections could be held later that year.4It was during these elections that Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated.Shekhar was known for abiding by the parliamentary conventions and was honoured with the inaugural Outstanding Parliamentarian Award in 1995.3 Shekhar was a member of the Lok Sabha, Indias lower house of Parliament. He led the Samajwadi Janata Party. start in 1977, he won elections to the Lok Sabha eight times from Ballia constituency in eastern Uttar Pradesh. C handra Shekhar suffered from denary myeloma, a form of cancer of the germ plasm cell. He had been hospitalised for over three months by the date of his death, aged 80, in New Delhi on 8 July 2007 P. V.Narasimha RaoPamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao born on 28 June 1921 in Vangara, Karimnagar, was an Indian lawyer, political leader and freedom fighter1 who served as the ninth Prime Minister of India from1991 to 1996. He led an classic administration, overseeing a major economic duty period and several home incidents affecting national bail of India.3 Rao who held the Industries portfolio was personally responsible for the take down of the Licence Rajas this came under the purview of the Ministry of mercantile system and Industry.4 He is often referred to as the render of Indian Economic Reforms.56Future prime ministers Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Manmohan Singh continued the economic reform policies pioneered by Raos government. Rao accelerated the dismantling of the License Raj , reversing the socialist policies of Rajiv Gandhis government.He employed Dr. Manmohan Singh as his Finance Minister to embark on historic economictransition. With Raos mandate, Dr. Manmohan Singh launched Indias globalisation angle of the reforms that implemented the planetary Monetary Fund (IMF) policies to rescue the more or less bankrupt nation from economic collapse.4 Rao was also referred to as Chanakya for his ability to steer inflexible economic and political legislation through the parliament at a time when he headed aminority government.78 Rao died on December 23, 2004 of a heart attack in New Delhi. He was cremated in Hyderabad.10 He was a versatile personality with interests in a variety of subjects such as writings and computer software. He spoke 17 languages.H. D. Deve GowdaHaradanahalli Doddegowda Deve Gowda born 18 May 1933 in Haradanahalli was the 11th Prime Minister of India from 1996 to 1997 and the fourteenth Chief minister of the state of Karnataka from 199 4 to 1996. He is an influential leader of the Vokkaliga community and is popularly known as Mannina maga (Son of the soil) for espousing the cause of the farmers.He is the National President of the Janata Dal (Secular) party. He realise his Diploma in Civil applied science from Smt.L.V. Polytechnic, Hassan, Karnataka.2 He married Smt. Chennamma and the couple pass 4 sons and 2 daughters. His parents, Shri Dodde Gowda and Smt. Devamma were from a inwardness class agricultural background.6 Hence, he was receptive to the hardships of farmers, early in his life and later became a champion of the farmers cause.5I.K. GujralInder Kumar Gujral was an Indian politician who served as the 12th Prime Minister of India from April 1997 to March 1998. Inder Kumar Gujral was born on 4 December 1919 to Avtar Narain and Pushpa Gujral in Jhelum, pakistan. He analyze at D.A.V. College, Hailey College of Commerce and Forman Christian College University, Lahore. He also participated in the Indian in dependence movement and was jailed in 1942 during the put in India Movement. As a student he became a member of the Communist Party of India. Gujral was admitted at Medanta Hospital in Gurgaon, Haryana, on 19 November 2012, after being diagnosed with a lung infection.38He had suffered a serious boob infection a few years before being admitted to the hospital39 following more than a year of dialysis.15 His health deteriorated in the hospital and was reported to be very critical. On 27 November, he fell unconsciousand his urine output signal system stopped working. Gujral died on 30 November 2012. The government of India declared a seven-day period of state mourning and cancelled official functions until 6 December.Atal Bihari VajpayeeAtal Bihari Vajpayee born 25 December 1924 in Gwalior, is an Indian statesman who served as the 10th Prime Minister of India, in three non-consecutive terms, first for 13 days in 1996, then for 13 months from 1998 to 1999 and then from 1999 to 2004 f or a full five year term. A parliamentarian for over four decades, Vajpayee was choose to the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Indias Parliament) clubhouse times, and twice to the Rajya Sabha (upper house). He is the only one to be elected from four different states at different times (Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Delhi.) He won his first election from Balrampur and later he moved to Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, until 2009, when he retired from vigorous politics due to health concerns. Vajpayee was among the grounding members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh political party and had also been its President. He was also the Minister of orthogonal Affairs in the cabinet of Morarji Desai.Manmohan SinghManmohan Singh is the thirteenth and current Prime Minister of India. A renowned economist, he is the only Prime Minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to return to power after completing a full five-year term, and the first non-Hindu to hold the office. Born on kinsfolk 26, 1932 in Gah , Pakistan, Singhs family migrated to India during its partition in 1947. He received a BA from Cambridge, and after obtaining his doctorate in economics from Oxford, Singh worked for the linked Nations in 196669. He by and by began his bureaucratic career when Lalit Narayan Mishra hired him as an advisor in the Ministry of Foreign Trade. everywhere the 70s and 80s, Singh held several key posts, in theGovernment of India such as Chief Economic consultant (197276), Reserve Bank governor (198285) and formulation Commission head (198587).In 2004, when the Congress-led joined Progressive Alliance (UPA) came to power, its chairperson Sonia Gandhi perchance relinquished the premiership to Manmohan Singh. This Singh-led UPA I government penalise several key legislations and projects, including the Rural wellnessMission, Unique Identification Authority, Rural consumption Guarantee scheme and Right to knowledge Act. In 2008, opposition to a historic civil nuclear agreement with the United States nearly caused Singhs government to expire after Left Front parties withdrew their support. Although Indias economy grew rapidly under UPA I, its security was threatened by several terrorist incidents (including the 2008 Mumbai attacks) and the chronic Maoist insurgency.The 2009 general election saw the UPA return with an increased mandate, with Singh retaining the office of Prime Minister.